J Perinat Med. 2025 Nov 19. doi: 10.1515/jpm-2025-0357. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
This review presents analysis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Slovenia based on national data and published research over a decade. Slovenia adopted the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) recommendations in 2011 and integrated them into routine antenatal care by 2023. Universal screening has increased the prevalence of GDM from 4 % before 2010 to 21 % in 2023. The analysed perinatal outcomes improved: the overall rates of large for gestational age (LGA) neonates and Erb’s palsy decreased (AOR 0.93, 95 % CI 0.91-0.96 and AOR 0.72, 95 % CI 0.60-0.86 respectively) as did rates of preeclampsia (AOR 0.72, 95 % CI 0.68-0.76) and gestational hypertension (AOR 0.80, 95 % CI 0.77-0.83). The population of pregnant women changed, mean age at delivery, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), proportion of obesity and parity increased. A dose-response relationship was found between pre-pregnancy BMI and GDM as there was synergistic effect of parity and maternal obesity on excessive fetal growth. Despite the nutrition interventions and tight control of blood glucose levels LGA infants could not be completely prevented. Beyond metabolic effects, GDM imposes a significant psychological burden; distinct psychological profiles were identified, emphasizing the need for tailored psychosocial support.
PMID:41251690 | DOI:10.1515/jpm-2025-0357
