J Med Internet Res. 2025 Nov 11;27:e73962. doi: 10.2196/73962.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Underserved pregnant women have a greater risk of excessive or inadequate gestational weight gain (GWG) and adverse perinatal outcomes. In the United States, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides supplemental nutrition and is uniquely positioned to deliver equitable interventions that support recommended GWG. Yet to date, no randomized controlled trials have evaluated behavioral strategies for managing GWG in this setting.
OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to examine the effects of a statewide randomized multicomponent mobile eHealth lifestyle intervention trial on change in physical activity and sedentary time across pregnancy. The secondary objective was to explore associations between changes in physical activity, sedentary time, and GWG.
METHODS: A total of 351 pregnant women were recruited from the Louisiana WIC clinics and were randomly assigned to a multicomponent mobile eHealth intervention for GWG management (N=179) or usual care (N=172; standard in-person WIC care) prior to 16 weeks of gestation. The multicomponent mobile intervention included daily weighing, step tracking, counseling, exercise videos, health coach interactions, and social support. For the first objective, physical activity, including movement duration and movement context, and sedentary time were assessed at baseline (early pregnancy) and at the end of the intervention (late pregnancy) using accelerometry and the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire. For the second objective, GWG was determined based on weight collected at study visits in early and late pregnancy. Linear mixed models assessed intervention effects on physical activity and GWG.
RESULTS: Both the Intervention Group and the Usual Care Group significantly increased sedentary time from early to late pregnancy (adjusted effect estimate [95% CI] 62 minutes per day (42-83), P<.001 and 52 minutes per day (31-72), P<.001, respectively). Both the Intervention Group and the Usual Care Group significantly decreased moderate activity (-13 minutes per day (-20 to -6), P<.001 and -10 minutes per day (-17 to -3), P=.01, respectively) and total moderate to vigorous physical activity (-14 minutes per day (-21 to -7), P<.001 and -10 minutes per day (-18 to -3), P=.01, respectively) from early to late pregnancy. For the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Intervention Group reported an increase in sports participation across pregnancy compared with the Usual Care Group (+4 metabolic equivalent task (MET)-hours per week (2-7); P=.002). There were no associations between physical activity (-7 g (-32 to 18), P=.57) or sedentary time measures (4 g (-4 to 12), P=.31) and GWG.
CONCLUSIONS: The first of its kind mobile eHealth multicomponent behavioral lifestyle intervention that included guidance to increase physical activity toward national guidelines did not meaningfully impact physical activity outcomes in pregnant women who were enrolled in Louisiana WIC.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04028843; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04028843.
INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/18211.
PMID:41218199 | DOI:10.2196/73962
