J Nutr. 2024 May 24:S0022-3166(24)00299-2. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.022. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Carotenoids are fat-soluble phytochemicals with biological roles, including UV protective functions in skin. Spectroscopic skin carotenoid measurements can also serve as a noninvasive biomarker for carotenoid consumption. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in metabolic genes are associated with human plasma carotenoid concentrations, however their relationships with skin carotenoid concentrations are unknown.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between 13 candidate SNPs with skin and plasma carotenoid concentrations before and after a carotenoid-rich tomato juice intervention.
METHODS: In this randomized, controlled trial, participants (n=80) were provided with lycopene-rich vegetable juice providing low (13.1 mg), medium (23.9 mg), and high (31.0 mg) daily total carotenoid doses for 8-weeks. Plasma carotenoid concentrations were measured by HPLC, and skin carotenoid score was assessed by reflection spectroscopy (Veggie Meter ™) at baseline and the end of study time point. Thirteen candidate SNPs in 5 genes (BCO1, CD36, SCARB1, SETD7, ABCA1) were genotyped from blood using PCR-based assays. Mixed models tested the effects of the intervention, study time point, interaction between intervention and study time point, and SNP genotype on skin and plasma carotenoids throughout the study. Baseline carotenoid intake, BMI, gender, and age are covariates in all models.
RESULTS: The genotype of CD36 rs1527479 (p=0.0490) was significantly associated with skin carotenoid concentrations when baseline and the final week of the intervention were evaluated. Genotypes for BCO1 rs7500996 (p=0.0067) and CD36 rs1527479 (p=0.0018) were significant predictors of skin carotenoid concentrations in a combined SNP model.
CONCLUSIONS: These novel associations between SNPs and skin carotenoid concentrations expand upon the understanding of how genetic variation affects inter-individual variation in skin carotenoid phenotypes in humans. Clinical Trial registered at Clinicaltrials.gov. Trial identifier is NCT03202043.
PMID:38797482 | DOI:10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.022
