J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2025 Nov 20. doi: 10.1002/jpn3.70261. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The latest European Society of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) criteria for celiac disease (CD) diagnosis reduced the requirement for a small intestinal biopsy but still, for most of the cases a small intestinal biopsy is required for a safe diagnosis: hence the attempt to identify serum biomarkers that could replace, in most of these latter cases, the requirement of the biopsy (what is called a “liquid biopsy”). The aim of this study is to identify a set of serum biomarkers able to differentiate celiac patients from age and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched healthy controls.
METHODS: Relative concentration of 92 inflammation-linked proteins was examined in the sera of 50 children with CD compared with 50 HLA DQ2/8 and age-matched healthy controls born in genetically at-risk families, using proximity extension immunoassay technology (Olink Proteomics®) with the ProSeek Multiplex Inflammation panel.
RESULTS: Three different multivariate analysis (Univariate and multivariate distribution analysis, random forest classification and linear discriminant analysis) localized a cluster of seven molecules (CASP8, CXCL9, NT-3, SIRT2, STAMBP, ST1A1, and TNFSF14) with a remarkable diagnostic potential, able to differentiate around 90% (95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.7-0.99) of CD patients from controls.
CONCLUSION: Patients with CD, compared to age- and HLA-matched healthy controls, show in their sera an increased expression of inflammatory molecules, involved in NF-κB cytokine signaling, cell apoptosis, and crypt proliferation pathways. A set of seven of these proteins can differentiate cases from controls with an accuracy higher than 90%. The implementation of this approach in clinical setting could in future facilitate a noninvasive and individualized approach for CD diagnosis.
PMID:41263022 | DOI:10.1002/jpn3.70261
