J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2025 Aug 20. doi: 10.1007/s40615-025-02602-7. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
AIM: The aim of this study was to create a tool capable of measuring parents’ experiences of discrimination when obtaining healthcare for their children, capturing their parental identities and perceptions of discrimination in the healthcare setting.
BACKGROUND: Discrimination experiences, including racial, ethnic, and healthcare discrimination, have negative health effects across the lifespan. Parents have an essential role in pediatric healthcare, which is distinct from the role of other caregivers in pediatric and non-pediatric healthcare settings. Though measures of discrimination in healthcare settings exist, few psychometrically valid tools evaluating parents’ experiences of healthcare discrimination are readily available.
METHODS: A measure of parental racial/ethnic discrimination in healthcare was developed. Items were generated with theoretical and empirical literature followed by expert panel review. Items were tested among a population of US-based adult parents via online survey using exploratory factor analysis. Reliability, construct, and criterion validity were assessed.
FINDINGS: Item generation resulted in an acceptable pool of test items based on relevance and clarity (mean CVI = 0.94 and 0.70, respectively). Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a two-factor solution, one of which was related to discrimination experiences and demonstrated reliability (
PMID:40833725 | DOI:10.1007/s40615-025-02602-7
