BMJ Ment Health. 2025 Aug 5;28(1):e301819. doi: 10.1136/bmjment-2025-301819.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: While 17% of new mothers experience symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD), emotional distress is more widespread in the postpartum period. This descriptive study described item-level responses on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to better understand common postpartum experiences.
METHODS: We analysed EPDS data from 170 218 childbirths (2015-2021) in the Danish HOPE cohort collected during routine postpartum visits. We described the distribution of responses to each item and total scores.
RESULTS: Most mothers reported mild or no symptoms. Items on self-blame, anxiety and feeling overwhelmed showed large variation. Self-harm thoughts were rare (1.7%). The median total score was 4 (IQR 2-7); 7.8% scored ≥11, indicating possible PPD.
DISCUSSION: Diverse emotional responses are common postpartum and often reflect normal adjustment. Item-level insights may help reduce stigma and support open dialogue around maternal mental health.
PMID:40764031 | DOI:10.1136/bmjment-2025-301819
