J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc. 2024;39(2):27-32. doi: 10.15605/jafes.039.02.12. Epub 2024 Aug 27.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the effect of iodine excess in pregnant mothers on thyroid function, growth and neurodevelopment in the neonates when assessed at 12 weeks of age.
METHODOLOGY: This prospective study enrolled term neonates with birth weight >2500 gm of mothers having urine iodine concentration (UIC) ≥500 µg/L documented in the third trimester of the peripartum period. Neonatal TSH was collected by heel prick on dried blood spots within 24-72 hours of age and measured by time-resolved fluroimmunoassay. Neonates with TSH ≥11 mIU/L at birth were followed up at 2 and 12 weeks to monitor thyroid dysfunction, growth and development.
RESULTS: A total of 2354 (n = 1575 in the delivery room) maternal urine samples were collected of which 598 (25.4%) had elevated UIC. Forty-nine (12.2%) neonates had TSH ≥11mIU/L on newborn screening of whom 18 and 3 neonates had residual elevated TSH at 2 and 12 weeks of life, respectively. Maternal iodine levels correlated weakly with TSH at 2 weeks (rho = 0.299; p = 0.037). No child required treatment for congenital hypothyroidism. Eight babies additionally had TSH >5 mIU/L at 12 weeks of life. The growth and development of babies with or without TSH elevation was comparable at three months (p >0.05).
CONCLUSION: Maternal iodine excess in pregnancy and peripartum period causes transient hyperthyrotropinemia in neonates that did not affect the growth and development at 3 months of age.
PMID:39620182 | PMC:PMC11604369 | DOI:10.15605/jafes.039.02.12
